Like Research Rabbit (see below), Connected Papers focuses on the relationships between research papers to find similar research. You can also use Connected Papers to get a visual overview of an academic field.

Consensus uses large language models (LLMs) to help researchers find and synthesize answers to research questions, focusing on the scholarly authors’ findings and claims in each paper.

Elicit uses LLMs to find papers relevant to your topic by searching through papers and citations and extracting and synthesizing key information.

Keenious is a recommendation tool for academic articles and topics based on papers you upload.

Research Rabbit is a citation-based mapping tool that focuses on the relationships between research works. It uses visualizations to help researchers find similar papers and other researchers in their field.

Scite has a suite of products that help researchers develop their topics, find papers, and search citations in context (describing whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence).

Scholarcy summarizes key points and claims of articles into ‘summary cards’ that researchers can read, share, and annotate when compiling research on a given topic.

Semantic Scholar (which supplies underlying data for many of the other tools on this list) provides brief summaries (‘TLDR’s) of the main objectives and results of papers.

An AI research assistant that works with you to refine your research question and find relevant papers.

While the AI chatbot ChatGPT is typically thought of as a writing tool, it can be used in the initial idea development phase of research. (Remember to always look up claims and sources to verify their credibility.)

An AI-powered chatbot trained by Anthropic using Constitutional AI to be safe, accurate, and secure. It can be used in developmental stages of research for brainstorming and data analysis.

Designed by Google, Gemini is an AI-powered chatbot that responds to natural language queries with relevant information. As with ChatGPT, researchers can use Gemini to aid in topic development and initial source discovery.

Using LLMs, Perplexity is a search engine that provides AI-generated answers, including citations, which are linked above the summaries.